First-aid and medical emergency care for pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema is a pathology that is causeda significant increase in the level of intercellular (interstitial) fluid. Its formation occurs as a result of the release of part of the plasma from the blood vessels. In the absence of pathology, the intercellular fluid is again absorbed into the lymphatic vessels, which leads to the return of the plasma filtrate back. The physiological essence of this process is that this fluid participates in the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the cells and facilitates the removal of metabolic products. Emergency care for pulmonary edema is mandatory for human salvage.
The amount of intercellular fluid increases due to the increased hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary blood vessels. As a result, it leads to edema.
Membrane edema
The amount of intercellular fluid increasesat normal pressure due to excessive plasma filtration. For example, with the activity of inflammatory mediators, the permeability of membranes increases, which leads to edema.
Causes
The most commonly observed pulmonary edema isheart failure (usually the left heart ventricle) because of stagnation in a small circle of circulation. Sometimes this pathological condition occurs with mitral and aortic defects, with hypertensive crises, myocardial infarction, cardiosclerosis and acute myocarditis. When poisoning can develop toxic pulmonary edema. Regardless of the reasons, the patient needs urgent help with swelling of the lungs.
With pulmonary edema, pronounced dyspnea is observed,swelling of the veins of the neck, cyanosis of the face. Breath is bubbling and a significant amount of foamy sputum (sometimes with a pink tinge) is released. Patients are difficult to lie. They are forced to sit on the bed with their legs lowered. Wet wheezes or sometimes the rhythm of a gallop are heard over both lungs, and deaf tones of the heart are noted. The patient throws into a cold sweat. There is a general weakness. The pulse is weak and frequent. The fear of death appears in the patients. In severe forms of the pathological condition, a collapse develops at the same time.
Pre-medical actions for swelling of the lungs are concludedin transferring the patient to a sitting position. At normal or high pressure, if there is no evidence of myocardial infarction and collapse, you can let the person bleed (children do not exceed 100-200 ml, and adults - 200-300 ml). Early emergency care for pulmonary edema increases the patient's chances of a favorable prognosis. Subcutaneously, the patient needs to inject 1 cube of a solution of promedol and 2 cubes of camphor, organize the inhalation of vapors of ethyl alcohol through any inhaler (for children 30% solution), apply tourniquets to the veins of the extremities (no more than 1 hour).
Medical emergency care for pulmonary edema
The patient is injected with cardiac glycosides,bleeding (if it was not done before), oxygen therapy. Intramuscularly, 100-150 mg of lasix should be administered in 20 cubes of sodium chloride solution or 1 cub of novurite intramuscularly. Inhalation through an inhaler or mask of ethanol vapors (96%) or antifensilane (10% alcohol solution) is continued. The liquid from the upper respiratory tract is removed with a catheter (through the nose). Drip a solution of urea and then sodium bicarbonate (5%). A solution of pentamine (5%) is added slowly and slowly (40 minutes). In severe pain syndrome, analgesics or nitrous oxide inhalations are used.
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