Atomic icebreaker "Arctic" project 22220: description, technical characteristics, launching
The Russian Federation consolidates its tacticaland strategic dominance in the Arctic zone. Project 22220 - icebreakers "Arktika", "Siberia" and "Ural" - are a visible confirmation of this. The first two state-of-the-art icebreakers (the head "Arctic" and the serial "Siberia") have already been launched and are being finalized and tested. Their characteristics are amazing. There were no such cars in the Arctic zone, and their competitors will not appear soon. We will talk about the head icebreaker project 22220 "Arctic", the full commissioning of which is scheduled for 2019.
Family of ice monsters
The nuclear icebreakers of Project 22220 - the "Arctic""Siberia" and "Ural" - the largest and most powerful in the world today. These ice monsters (almost 175 meters long, 34 meters wide and 33.5 tons maximum displacement) are called upon to ensure Russia's dominance in the Arctic waters throughout the navigational year. Accompaniment of caravans along the northern sea route and in the mouths of the northern rivers, research programs, rescue operations and tasks of defensive importance is an incomplete list of the capabilities of the fourth-generation nuclear icebreakers. President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin in an interview noted the importance of such a project for the development of the peaceful Arctic and the acquisition of a tactical, strategic and defense advantage in the water area of the Arctic Ocean.
The sphere of influence is the Arctic water area
Today in the Russian Arcticthere are six bases of the Russian Ministry of Defense - on the archipelagoes of the Novosibirsk Islands (Kotelny Island), Franz Josef Land (the Island of Alexandra Island), the Northern Land (Srednyaya Zemlya) and the Wrangel Islands (Cape Schmidt). In conditions when an intercontinental ballistic missile launched in the neutral waters of the Barents Sea can fly to the capital of Russia in a quarter of an hour, the nuclear shield of air defense bases in this region acquires a higher significance. And if you consider that in our part of the Arctic there are about 40% of gas and oil reserves and the neighbors' claims on these areas, Russia needs to be ready to fight for them. Another reason for strengthening the influence in the North Sea is the prospect of the shortest way from Europe to Asia for oil tankers. And icebreakers will become an indispensable strategic resource in these waters.
Parents of the icebreaker "Arktika" project 22220
The designer was the leading designerbureau of JSC "Central Design Bureau" Iceberg ", on account of which more than a hundred vessels of this type, including the world's first nuclear icebreaker" Lenin ". Today's Arktika, project works on which began in the 2000s, is named after the icebreaker of the project 10520, the first ship that conquered the North Pole in 1977 (excluded from the register of vessels in 2012).
The development of nuclear installations from two reactorsRHYTHM-200 dealt with OKBM named after I. Afrikantov, and manufactured them ZiO-Podolsk. The designer of turbogenerators was the Kirov plant, and the electric motors produced by the electrical engineering concern Ruselprom. Well, the Baltic plant received the contract for the construction of the "Arctic" icebreaker project 22220 worth 36.9 billion rubles from the corporation "Rosatom". The customer, expecting to receive by 2015 three nuclear icebreakers of Project 22220, was made by FSUE "Atomflot".
From laying to launching
The icebreaker "Arktika" project 22220 was held onStaples of the Baltic plant in St. Petersburg. This plant is a brand known in the world as a flagship in the construction of the nuclear icebreaker fleet. It was here that the nuclear icebreaker "Arktika" project 22220 was laid. The event took place on October 05, 2013, took about an hour. But it opened a new era in ensuring defense capability and in solving economic problems.
The ceremony of descent from the slipways of LLC "Baltic(part of the United Shipbuilding Corporation JSC), the icebreaker Arktika was held in St. Petersburg on June 16, 2016. The "godmother" of the ship was Federation Council Speaker V. Matviyenko, other high-ranking officials attended the ceremony. In particular, the president of the United Shipbuilding Corporation, Alexei Rakhmanov, at this event noted the readiness of the corporation to fulfill its obligations regarding the three icebreakers of the project 22220.
And in the ocean, and in the river
Special double-hull designnuclear icebreaker makes it possible to use it in the open waters of the Western Arctic and in the mouths of the Yenisei and Ob rivers. This design requires a fluid dynamic balance. With a minimum of its number, this vessel will sail where others are firmly stranded. And with the maximum ballast loading - a heavy vessel will pass through thick ice and they will not squeeze it out of the rut. Increasing the width of the vessel gave him less draft - and this is an opportunity to go into shallow water. In addition to icebreaker wiring of tankers with hydrocarbon raw materials from offshore fields to the Atlantic and Pacific markets, it will be able to liquidate caravans in open water and in shallow waters of northern rivers. The "Arctic" icebreaker of Project 22220, whose speed is 2 knots with a continuous course, will overcome solid ice with a thickness of up to three meters.
Gram of fuel - thousands of tons of cargo
Description of the icebreaker "Arctic" project 22220 - isstory about a huge object in size with a football field. Its power plant from two reactors RITM-200 gives a power of 175 megawatt with consumption per day of several grams of fuel. It can provide navigation throughout the year. This powerful installation, unique technology in the world, has a service life of 40 years and is the safest. The nuclear heart of this icebreaker is also two steam generating units, with a thermal output of 175 megawatts. They are almost twice as light as previous ones, which is achieved by a unique integrated equipment layout.
Safety and comfort
This icebreaker provides for a multi-levelprotection of the core of the nuclear installation. It consists of layers of concrete, steel and water. In addition, the onboard computer will calculate the consequences of any contingency, even the most fantastic. The crew of the icebreaker "Arctic" Project 22220 will be able not only to work safely, conduct research and development work on state-of-the-art equipment, but also spend time in a cinema, library, two swimming pools with a sauna and a billiard room. The high comfort of the residential area and the availability of free holds will enable the icebreaker to be used for research programs.
Do not forget about the increase in tourismattractiveness of northern routes. Unimaginably beautiful landscapes and polar bears that approach the ship during parking, remain a beckoning stimulus for extreme tourists.
Characteristics of the "Arctic" icebreaker project 22220
The main characteristics of the icebreaker are given in the table below.
Project | 22220 |
Ship | LK-60YA |
Speed on clean water | 20.8 knots |
Speed at constant speed | 2 knots |
Crew | 75 people |
Icebreakability | Up to 3 meters |
Power point | |
Turbines | 2 to 27580 kW |
Power on shafts | 49000 kW |
Icebreaker dimensions | |
Length | 136 meters |
Width | 34 meters |
Board height | 17.2 meters |
Precipitation average | 11 meters |
Displacement | 33.5 tons |
Autonomous swimming | Up to 1 year |
Defense value
Not only civil, but also in the case ofthe need for a military icebreaker - this was the task set by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation before the designers. The machines of this project provide for the possibility of locating a regional command post. There is a runway for helicopters and hangars. And although these programs are classified, it is reliably known that the corresponding equipment is conserved in warehouses. And although the icebreaker can not be a combat ship, anti-aircraft reconnaissance and monitoring of territorial space for it is not an impossible task.
Outside the competition
Today, the icebreaker fleet of Russia is beyond competition. In the Western media, with regard to our icebreakers, the expression "checkmate and checkmate at the beginning of the game" appeared. For comparison: the Canadian icebreaker CCGS John G. Diefenbaker, the most advanced and widely publicized, whose descent will also be held in 2017, can do without changing nuclear fuel for 5 years, while for the "Arctic" this period is 7 years. The Swedish icebreaker Oden is comparable to the "Arctic" in size, but the quality of the "stuffing" can not even compete with our ice monster. Chinese Xue Long, too, has similar dimensions, but the ice is 80 cm thick for it is no longer passable. Icebreakers Polarstern (Germany) and Polar Star (America) have tolerable indicators of icebreakability and displacement, but morally outdated technology makes them a floating museum.
There will not be any downtime
Rest "the Arctic" will not have to. Already today the unique platform "Prirazlomnaya" (shelf of the Pechora Sea) has the potential of oil production of 400 thousand tons. Two or three icebreakers are working to ensure the export of this cargo, and not all the year round. But the "Arctic" will cope here itself. Preliminary calculations showed that a loaded tanker should leave the port of Sabetta every 36 hours, and to pass it through the mouth of the Ob to open waters is a task feasible for a new icebreaker.
And after all, other Arctic territories alsoneed all-year-round supplies. The increase in trade turnover along the northern sea route is seven times - the forecast calculated by the financiers. This route is quite possible in 15 years to compete with the Suez Canal. The road from Murmansk to Japan in winter with the use of these icebreakers will be 17 days against 37 through the Egyptian canal. And the main merit in this - the nuclear ice giants project 22220.
The captain is already there
And although the full commissioning of nuclear powericebreaker "Arctic" project 22220 is scheduled for 2018, the captain has already been appointed. They will become an experienced sea wolf Alexander Spirin. His naval career, he began as the fourth captain's aide on the first "Arctic" in 1982. The Chevalier of the Order "For Marine Merit" (operation "Shelf-2011"), the captain of the icebreakers "Russia", "The Soviet Union", "Academician Fedorov" is ready to recruit the team and proceed to conquer the Arctic ice. And in an interview, Alexander says that he ends Arctic ice, which he adds to whiskey. So it's time to go north.
</ p>>
