Internal combustion engine and its use in the modern world

The scientific and technological revolution that took place inend of the 19th century, along with many brilliant discoveries led to the invention of such a useful device as an internal combustion engine. Thanks to this, mankind was able to radically change the world and make a significant step in the development of civilization. Today, such engines are widely used not only in the automotive industry, but also in industry, where they are an important part of the entire technological chain of production. All factories, factories, factories, and other industrial facilities directly depend on internal combustion plants, which enable them to carry out all the necessary work.

The internal combustion engine isThis type of motor is a thermal machine in which the energy of liquid or gaseous carbon fuels is converted into mechanical work. Due to the instant combustion of fuel in the working area of ​​the cylinder, a rotational-translational motion is provided which drives the crankshaft. Herein lies the essence of the work of the engine, which operates on fuel.

As a rule, the internal combustion engine, andAlso its basic characteristics are familiar to the ordinary person on an example of the motor of the car. Everyone knows that the engine's power directly depends on the volume of its cylinders, since, the larger they are, the more fuel mixture will be able to act, so the impact on the crankshaft will be stronger. If we talk about industrial engines that are installed in power plants, industrial plants, refrigeration plants and other facilities, their power is measured by many hundreds of horsepower.

In the system of operation of any fuel enginenecessarily includes a cooling and lubrication system. Since a significant amount of thermal energy is released during the process, a special cooling jacket is made to prevent the engine from overheating. Thanks to it, the cylinders are cooled, and the internal combustion engine is able to work for a long time without interruption. In addition, an integral part of any motor is a lubrication system that reduces the wear coefficient of all rubbing parts. From the quality of engine oil very much depends, so for different types of engines produce various oils that can be synthetic, semi-synthetic and mineral. The new engine, as a rule, is filled with mineral oil, as it provides better grinding of new parts among themselves. Subsequently, it is replaced by synthetic or semi-synthetic, depending on the requirements of the manufacturer.

All engines of this type are divided into two large groups:

1. Two-stroke internal combustion engine. It is installed, as a rule, on light vehicles such as motorcycles, scooters, scooters and mopeds. Such a motor consists of a crankcase into which a crankshaft with cylinders is mounted on both sides through bearings. In each of these cylinders there is a piston, which is a metal glass girded with special rings embedded in the grooves. They are necessary in order that the exhaust gases do not fall in the gap between the cylinder machines and the piston. The latter is connected to the connecting rod through a special bush (finger), which, in turn, transmits a straight-line motion to the crankshaft.
2. Four-stroke internal combustion engine. Has a more complex design, thanks to which all the rotational and translational motion is carried out in 4 cycles. It is these engines that complete all cars, since such a system provides the maximum power that is necessary for the movement of a heavy vehicle.

Modern internal combustion enginesare constantly being improved, as a result of which the level of their efficiency is increased, and the power is increased. Despite the fact that from the environmental point of view they are harmful to the environment, they still occupy the first place in terms of the level of application among all other types of motors. Electric motors can not compete with them, because their power is an order of magnitude lower.

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