Anemia of 1 degree
Anemia is a syndrome characterized by low levels (in comparison with the norm) of hemoglobin of the blood, and not only the total value but its quantity in one erythrocyte is taken into account.
Hemoglobin - a protein that has in its compositionan iron atom capable of binding oxygen molecules. It is found only in red blood cells. Beyond these cells, this protein is rapidly destroyed. The normal range is from 110 to 155 g per liter (for women - 110-145, and for men - 120-155). Decrease in the index below 110 is anemia. The fact is that hemoglobin from 110 to 120 in men is considered the most permissible, albeit abnormal.
Degrees of anemia
Clinical practice has shown that a decreasethe level of this protein to different numbers has similar manifestations, which is why all anemia is divided into several groups. Previously, there were classifications according to the degrees of gravity - light, medium and heavy. It is now decided to refer to these degrees in quantitative order in increasing order. So anemia 1 degree is considered the least severe. Hemoglobin with it ranges from 110 to 90 and usually no clinical signs under normal conditions of life it does not. Anemia of blood of this degree manifests itself only when certain loads are performed, which go beyond the limits of the person's habits. The first signs that appear at normal load, correspond to anemia of moderate severity. Now it is called the second. With her hemoglobin ranges from 90 to 70 grams in one liter of blood. Finally, severe anemia (now called the third) is characterized by a detailed picture of the disease. Here the hemoglobin figures are below 70.
Causes and forms of the disease
The causes that lead to the development of the disease determine its forms.
1. Acute anemia. They are always associated with rapid loss of red blood cells. There are two reasons: bleeding and rapid destruction of red blood cells. The latter circumstance is observed, for example, when poisoning by hemolytic poisons. Rapid reduction of hemoglobin level exceeds the rate of development of compensatory possibilities of the body. Therefore, grade 1 anemia can occur even at rest.
2.Chronic anemia accounts for more than 80-85% of all diseases of this type, so their causes are the most common. This is a number of diseases, for example, the deficit of any factor at any stage of hemoglobin synthesis, the pathology of the structure of red blood cells and their disease. Deficient factors include a lack of iron, cyanocobalamin, cytochromes, porphyrin. The pathology of erythrocytes can be congenital or acquired. In the first case, erythrocytes are either formed with defects that lead to a decrease in the hemoglobin level in them, or are themselves very unstable and prone to rapid destruction. Often the first signs appear even when a person has grade 1 anemia. Acquired pathology occurs as a result of various diseases leading to early destruction of red blood cells. Such, for example, is malaria.
Clinical manifestations of chronic anemia
Regardless of the level of hemoglobin, chronic anemia, the severity of which determines only the severity of the manifestations, has a certain set of symptoms.
• Weakness and fatigue.
· Dizziness, tinnitus and flashing of "flies" before the eyes.
· Pale skin.
· Loss of nails, changing their shape and color.
Dryness of the skin and hair loss.
All these signs are not mandatory forone man. Thus, anemia 1 degree in some can manifest only pallor and dryness of the skin, while in others, fragility of the nails and hair loss can be observed with normal skin color.
The spread of anemia among surgical diseases
The problem of anemia is not onlytherapeutic, a small percentage of its cases occur in surgical practice. And often anemia is the first sign of any pathology, which requires urgent surgeon intervention. One of the frequent such conditions is bleeding from the organs of the digestive tube.
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