Famous psychologists about self-expression, sexuality, freedom and humanism.

Psychology is a relatively young science, butseveral times to stir up the world with her discoveries already could. Among them is "The Theory of Psychoanalysis" by Freud and the recognition of the driving force behind human development as a sexual attraction, the interpretation of motivation and the "Maslow Pyramid of Needs." A lot of hype has made the views of the neo-Freudian Erich Fromm on the problem of the social character of the individual, as a result of adaptation to the demands of society. The best psychologists around the world tirelessly beat over the tasks: to understand a person, to delve into his subconscious, to find out what motivates him, his actions.

Abraham Maslow and his "pyramid of needs"

Many well-known psychologists, including Maslow,worked on motivation. To understand what motivates a man and makes him express himself, it was possible to declassify only this American psychologist. Maslow established that for the manifestation of his higher capabilities, one must satisfy physiological needs. Based on these findings, the Maslow Pyramid was built. It has five steps, and only having satisfied the previous need, a person is able to move on to the next. Looks pyramid, if viewed from the bottom of the base, as follows:

- physiological needs;

- the need for protection and security;

- the need to belong to a social group, to be accepted by society;

- the need for respect and recognition;

- the need for self-expression.

People who can reach the fifth level, not soalready a lot. According to Maslow, they are only 1-2%. He described them as follows: these people are completely satisfied with what they have achieved, they can be very attracted to some occupation, they are simple in relationships and are able to sympathize with people. They are independent, democratic and have a creative approach to life.

Sigmund Freud

Probably, the title of "the most famous psychologist" beforenow belongs to the Austrian Sigmund Freud. His theories are so well known that there is no person who does not know this name. It was he who first talked about sexuality as the driving force of personal development. If sexuality is for some reason forced out of human consciousness, then it goes into the subconscious and is able to manifest itself in dreams, associations, reservations. Many well-known psychologists have condemned and still condemn the theory of psychoanalysis according to Freud, believing that it brings us closer to animals. According to his statements, the person's personality includes three components:

- it is a biological attraction;

- I - is responsible for resolving conflicts between it and the super-I;

- super-I - norms and values ​​established by the individual.

Humanism Erich Fromm

Famous psychologists, followers of Freud, do notcan do without the theory of "humanistic psychoanalysis" by Erich Fromm. His work was based on the contradictory nature of human existence and the problems of modern society. Fromm believed that people are too selfish, and society is now in crisis. And only a "healthy" society, educated on the basis of humanism, is able to change the attitude of people towards nature, society and among themselves. His ideas of humanism and a look at the person's ability to love Fromm outlined in the book "The Art of Love."

The book of the modern psychologist AlexanderChernitsky's "Light Psychology" has caused quite a few negative reviews. Many well-known specialists who do not accept Freudianism have disagreed with this work. Chernitsky traces the appeal to sexuality as a driving mechanism for the development of personality, examines the impact of dissatisfaction on the mood, the actions of a person, as well as the difference in the worldview of people leading a personal life from those who do not have it. Psychology as a science continues to evolve, and, apparently, many well-known psychologists will once again stir up the public with new theories.

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