Who is part of the crew of the aircraft? Crew of a passenger aircraft: composition, photo
The crew of the aircraft is quite a broad concept. As a rule, it includes not only the team that rises to the sky, but also the people responsible for the maintenance of the board on the ground. Passengers do not see the latter and often do not even know how many professionals work to ensure that the board safely delivers them to their destinations.
Passenger aircraft
The history of passenger aircraft began in 1913year in Russia. In that year, the first man-made passenger aircraft Ilya Muromets, created by Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky, was successfully tested. The plane could carry not only passengers, but also cargoes, and also was a bomber.
Since then, much has changed in this area. Aircraft carrying passengers became reactive, some models are able to cover a distance of more than 6,000 kilometers. Over time, the composition and number of crew members varied.
Personnel serving the passenger flight
All the personnel who serve the flight can be divided into two main groups:
- Personnel "behind the scenes", which includes technical experts on the ground, managers who service the flight at the airport, dispatchers and other employees.
- The crew of the plane. Its composition depends on the type of aircraft. They include the captain, co-pilot, engineer and flight attendants.
The crew allowed to fly must behighly qualified. From the skills of these people and the ability to clearly fulfill the safety requirements depend on the lives of passengers, the calmness on board and the high quality of service in flight.
The safety of the flight as a whole depends on the professionalism of each employee, it is absolutely unimportant whether it rises in the air or works on the ground.
Requirements for flight crew
Having determined who is a member of the crew of the aircraft, we will consider the professions in more detail.
In the Soviet period, just for the flightthree or four crew members answered. Today, two or three crew members handle this task. Due to the development of technical means, the profession of the navigator from the flight crew was completely ousted. Also in the cabs of modern flight passenger vehicles there is rarely a place for a flight engineer. As a rule, the composition of the aircraft's crew consists only of the captain of the ship and the co-pilot, not including flight attendants.
As a basic requirement for pilotspresent the so-called "raid". This term indicates the number of hours he spent in the air. The higher the "touch", the more experienced it is. For the captain of the aircraft, a minimum of 4000 hours of flying time will be indicated as a minimum. At the same time, he must have a valid pilot's certificate on his hands. The commander of the aircraft is solely responsible for the safety of civil aircraft and takes any responsible decisions.
Requirements for flying in civil aviationapplicable to the second pilot. His post is also called assistant commander of the crew. In the case of training on board, he can not be called a co-pilot. In the cockpit, the co-pilot is normally located in the right seat, and the captain is in the left. All duties between the two professionals are clearly allocated. Each performs only its part of the task.
Flight attendants
Stewardesses have always been the pride of civil aviation. Today, the crew of the aircraft as service personnel are not only girls, but also guys. The tasks of flight attendants are extensive:
- Permanent monitoring of the cabin of the aircraft in order to timely respond to any extraordinary situations.
- Ensuring the safety of passengers.
- Organization of evacuation and timely response to emergencies, including panic on board with strong turbulence, smoke and others.
- Servicing of passengers.
Depending on the type of aircraft, itsThe board can work from one to fourteen flight attendants. The service manager is often a member of the crew of a passenger aircraft. Its composition is determined depending on the legislation, type of aircraft and additional requirements of the airline.
In modern civil aviation, there isin the class of passenger service. So, it's not uncommon to find on board a barman and a specially trained chef. They are also part of the crew of the aircraft.
Training and retraining of the crew
As a rule, nowhere in the world is there a need forlicenses for cabin crew. Preparation and instruction in safety is mandatory. It includes the ability to swim, quickly respond to emergency situations, training in safety standards. Such training is conducted on the ground for several months, after which the exam is taken. Many airlines closely monitor to ensure that doctors check the health of employees entering the crew of the aircraft. The composition (photo is presented), of which the flight commission consists, necessarily includes specialists testing pilots and flight attendants. Doctors without this practice are not allowed on the commission.
With pilots, the situation is different. They must annually undergo a requalification, which includes:
- Flight test (it is delivered once a year).
- Test on flight simulators (it is surrendered twice a year).
- The course of retraining on the ground.
Also mandatory for pilots ispassing the medical commission. The same requirement applies to flight engineers. For persons over 40, the medical commission is held once every 6 months, for persons under 40 years of age - once a year.
Working hours of the crew
Work in the air is always associated with stress. That's why all persons who are part of the crew of the aircraft, identify lack of sleep, fatigue. The question of how long the team members should be in the workplace is regulated separately by each airline, which relies on the legislation of the country.
Nevertheless, this issue remains acute. This does not apply to short-distance flights. But with flights lasting for 10-16 hours, the issue is solved individually. There are still no general rules on the standard of watches in civil aviation.
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