International conflicts

After 1945 there were more than 1000international conflicts, of which more than three hundred are armed. The international conflict is a clash of two and / or more parties in the system of international relations, pursuing various mutually exclusive goals. One of the longest in the twentieth century was the postwar conflict between the USSR and the United States, which later became known as the Cold War. Each of the parties involved in this conflict sought to influence world political events. International conflicts often take the form of military confrontation. The largest international military conflict in its scale and destructive consequences, in which the states of all continents, known as the "Second World War", were drawn, one way or another, lasted from 1939 to 1945.

After the era of "coldwar, many thought that international conflicts were a thing of the past, but in reality, on the contrary, the number of regional and local tough confrontations, often turning into a military phase, increased. An example is the Armeno-Azerbaijan conflict, the events in Yugoslavia, the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict, the war between Russia and Georgia in 2008, and others.

For a long time, international conflictsmostly historical science, but since the middle of the twentieth century, with the works of P. Sorokin and K. Wright, they began to be viewed as a kind of social conflicts.

The reasons for such conflicts are as follows: competition of states; differences in national interests; claims to individual territories; social injustice; uneven distribution of natural resources; intolerant perception of one side of the other; personal dislike of leaders and other.

The generally accepted notion of an international conflictas long as there are no differences in political, economic, social, ideological, diplomatic, military and international legal features, properties and characteristics.

Interstate conflicts can be dividedin four stages: 1) awareness of the problem; 2) escalation of tension; 3) pressure to solve the problem; 4) military actions to solve the problem.

Conflicts between states have their ownspecificity, causes, function, dynamics and consequences. International conflicts have positive and negative functions and consequences. The positive is the prevention of stagnation in relations between countries; stimulation of constructive search for exits from the situation; Determination of the degree of divergence of interests and goals of states; prevention of more serious conflicts and ensuring a stable existence in the manner of a conflict of lesser intensity.

To the negative consequences of internationalconflicts include: violence, instability and unrest; they increase the state of stress among the population of the participating countries; application of ineffective political decisions, and so on.

The typology of international conflicts is held for various reasons, and they are divided:

- the number of participants is divided into conflicts between bilateral and multilateral;

- in terms of distribution - on local and global;

- by existence time - for short-term and long-term;

- by means used in conflicts - armed and unarmed;

- depending on the reasons - economic, territorial, religious, ethnic and other;

Terrorism, which is now spreadingtime in the world, assumes the character of a substitute for a new world war, and, becoming a global problem, it forces the state authorities to resort to sufficiently stringent measures, which in turn raises the issue of expanding the prerogatives and powers of states and their alliances in the fight against the global terrorist threat.

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