Central economic region. Characteristics of CED
Favorable geographical position, diversenatural resource potential and a high level of urbanization of the territory - these are the main features of the Central Economic Region. The characteristics and detailed description of the economic specialization of this region are presented in this article.
History and features of economic zoning of Russia
The vastnesses of Russia are conditionally divided by geographers andeconomists to 12 territorial units. One of them is precisely the Central Economic Region. The characteristics and full description of this area are presented below.
It should be noted that the first serious attemptsto regionalize the territory of Russia on economic parameters were made as early as the XIX century. Various scientists have become familiar with this important matter. Among them - KI. Arseniev, P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, D.I. Richter and even Dmitry Mendeleyev. The main criteria for early attempts at economic zoning were the zonal features of agriculture, as well as the density of the population of the territories.
Central Economic Region: Brief Description and General Figures
The central economic region (abbreviated as CER) is one of the key regions for the development of the national economy of the Russian state.
The general characteristics of the Central Economic Region include a number of highlights on the following plan:
- General information about the area.
- Characteristic of his environment.
- Economic and geographical position.
- Natural conditions and resources.
- Population and level of urbanization
- The economy of the district and the features of its location.
- The main problems and development prospects.
Characteristics of the Central-economic region,obviously, it should start with general statistics about it. So, the CEC covers an area of 514 thousand square kilometers, which can be compared with a country such as Spain. Over 30 million people live in this economic region.
The district itself included 13 constituent entities of the Russian Federation: these are 12 different regions, and the capital city is Moscow.
Central economic region: characteristics of the environment
CER directly borders on four othereconomic regions: in the north - with the North-West, in the north-east - with the North, in the southeast - with the Volga-Vyatka. On the south side it is adjoined by the Central Black Earth economic region, whose character and formation was closely connected with the main natural wealth of this territory - fertile black earth (hence the name).
In the west, the CER goes to the state border with such European countries as Belarus and Ukraine, which is a good advantage for the development of foreign economic relations of the region.
The characteristics of the Central Economic Region of Russia are, first of all, a description of its economic, geographical and transport location.
The geographic location of the district is differentgreat benefits, which largely compensates for the scarcity of energy resources in this area. For a long time important land roads crossed here, which contributed to the economic development of these lands. The Volga River, the largest waterway in Eastern Europe, also plays an important role in the development of the region.
The closest links to this region areboast, perhaps, the Central-Chernozem economic region. Characteristic of these relationships, it is important to note, is not limited to the exchange of certain goods. So, between the cities of the two economic regions there are close ties in the sphere of science, education, culture and tourism.
Natural and resource potential
Alas, the area of natural resources is, alas, not the leader in the country. They, rather, have a purely intraregional significance.
The climate and terrain of the territory are very favorable fordevelopment of a full-fledged agro-industrial complex. Here you can grow potatoes, grain, develop vegetable growing and horticulture. This is facilitated by a potentially large domestic consumer market for agricultural products, consisting of a number of large cities.
If we consider mineral resources, then the CEDrich in brown coal, peat, phosphorite, rare earth metals. It is known that within the region there are deposits of oil and gas, as well as diamonds. However, the development of these deposits has not yet been carried out.
Unfortunately, the coal industrydistrict is in a crisis state. Brown coal, mined in the suburbs, low-quality and expensive. In this connection, the enterprise "Mosbassugol", which is engaged in the extraction of this raw material, is unprofitable. Almost all the profits go only to keep the mines in working order. After all, 70% of them are city-forming enterprises for their cities and towns. Therefore, the brown coal industry of the Moscow region needs urgent and comprehensive reform.
Population and level of urbanization
62 people per square meter - exactlyThis indicator of population density differs in the Central Economic Region. The characteristics of the population of this region have several key features, namely:
- a record density of population for Russia;
- population growth due to the influx of migrants from neighboring economic regions, as well as countries (mainly to Moscow);
- a very high percentage of the urban population.
More densely populated is the Moscow, Tulaand Ivanovo region of the region. The urbanization index in the CER is about 83% today. Within the economic region there are 248 cities, among which is the largest city agglomeration in Moscow - Moscow, with a population of about 20 million people.
The key demographic problem in the CER is the problem of employment and unemployment. Authorities are trying to actively solve this problem. This is especially effective in the capital region.
Economy and features of its territorial location
Characteristics of the Central Economic AreaRussia is impossible without a description of its industry. The leading and most highly developed branch of the economy of the region is engineering. In particular - transport, electrotechnical, machine-building and shipbuilding.
Cars and trucks produce inMoscow, buses - in Likino-Dulyovo, diesel locomotives - in Kolomna. The cities of Moscow, Rybinsk and Kostroma are the centers of shipbuilding and ship repair. The production of machine tools and various instruments (including watches) is concentrated in the capital, as well as in Ryazan, Smolensk and Vladimir.
Very developed in the CER and chemical complex. Here, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, plastics and synthetic rubber are produced. Of course, in an area with such a high population, there are textile and printing plants, as well as food industry enterprises, which mostly gravitate toward the capital.
Main problems and prospects for the development of the district
Among the most acute problems of the CER are:
- insufficient development of social infrastructure;
- crisis of the coal industry;
- need for complete reconstruction of old enterprises;
- the need for comprehensive agrarian reforms.
It is worth noting that the CER is distinguished by a very high efficiency of investment investments.
Finally...
The central economic region is one of thekey regions for the country's national economy. This is due to a number of advantageous advantages of this territory. The characteristics of the Central-Economic Region are characterized by extremely favorable transport location, as well as close connections with other economic regions of Russia, and not only.
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