International Chess Day is a holiday of the mind and strategy

Chess is a board game for tworivals, which involve a square board of 64 cells of two colors and 32 figures. The historical homeland is India, in translation from the Persian "shah" - the king, "mate" - died. International chess day and amateurs, and professional players celebrate on July 20.

1500 years in the history of chess

Legend of the "Book of Kings" (10th century, India)tells this version of the emergence of the game. The mighty tsarina had two twin sons. Equal in strength and intelligence, they could not both become rulers. The king must be only one. Mother, on the advice of sages, sends them to the war, where everyone must prove himself as a hero.

Brothers win the battle with the enemy, but inThe time of the battle, Giv, adjusts the death of Talhand. No one dares to tell the queen how her second son was killed. Only one sage comes up with a game on the board of cells with figures of characters and in the process of chess moves tells the true state of affairs.

Game Options

The first options were for two or 4 players. Pawns defended the king on both sides, and camels were on the board. The queen (king's mentor) could not move away from the main figure by more than one square. The moves of other figures also changed. Elephants could only walk diagonally across three cells.

Chaturanga, where 4 opponents played at four cornersboards on 8 figures (pair on pair), is a late variation of a chess. How did the figures go and what were their meanings - we did not get it, but it is known that it was from this version that the Arab game Shatranj took place. At Persians it was transformed into "shatran", from Mongols - to "shatar", and when it got to Tajiks, it was called "chess" (defeated ruler).

Recognition of chess

In 1966, the Internationalthe day of chess. The history of the game in fifteen hundred years gave it the right to be called the oldest entertainment of mind and strategy. The initiative of the holiday belongs to FIDE, the World Chess Organization and UNESCO. The first time this day was celebrated in France, has since been held around the world in the form of tournaments, themed events and competitions.

The tradition to celebrate International Chess Day withenthusiasm was adopted in 178 countries. Tournaments and simultaneous games are popular in places of detention, and among politicians like Obama, V. Zhirinovsky, V. Yushchenko.

The best chess players in the world

In 1886, Wilhelm Steinitz, an Australian,who took American citizenship, became the first world champion in chess. Prior to him, Luis Lucena and Rui Segura (Spain), Giovanni Couriti and Joaquino Greco (Neopolitan Kingdom), F. Philidor and L. Laburdonne (France) were the best. They are players of the 19th century.

The best in the 20th and 21st centuries are Lasker(Germany), Capablanca (Cuba), Euwe (Netherlands), Fisher (USA), Anand (India), Topalov (Bulgaria), Carlsen (Norway). But more than all champions from Russia: A. Alekhin, M. Botvinnik, V. Smyslov, M. Tal, T. Petrosyan, B. Spassky, A. Karpov, G. Kasparov, A. Khalifman, V. Kramnik. Also worth mentioning are Ruslan Ponomarev (Ukraine) and Rustam Kasimdzhanov (Uzbekistan).

On the International Chess Day photos of the smartest playersdecorate the halls. Their names have gone down in history just like their parties. The best strategists and logicians of the planet, with which their countries are proud, since 2006 have united in one organization.

Moscow, 2015

The International Day of Chess (2015) in Moscow wasmarked by a grandiose action. The opening ceremony was attended by President of the International Federation K. Ilyumzhinov, President of the Moscow Federation V. Palihata, grandmasters M. Manakova, S. Karyakin, A. Savina, J. Nepomnyashchy and other honorary representatives and guests.

Events for the International Chess Daystarted immediately on 5 separate areas of the city. The solemn opening, where chess players were congratulated by the leaders of the Federation and representatives of UNESCO, was filled with humor and friendly warmth.

At school No. 1883, Kirsan Ilyumzhinov reminded the children,that chess is not so much a sport as the upbringing of inner perseverance and culture. This is art and science in one person. With the best players of the studio, A. Akhmetov held a simultaneous game session.

On Strastnoy Boulevard, guests of honor aftercongratulations and gifts played a game in outdoor chess. Further A. Golichenkov told about the successes of the young club of Yurfak MSU within the university. T. Gvilava shared her hopes for the development of the project "Lift to the Future".

In the chess school with a beautiful name "Etude" V.Palihata and grandmasters arrived in the evening and in a solemn atmosphere opened the 2nd round of the Moscow Cup. The holiday ended with a game of "live chess" and a discussion of the all-Russian project "Chess in the School".

Art of the game

International chess day with enthusiasmcelebrated all over the world. The game is the pursuit of excellence through training, development and maintenance of form, ambition and victory. The Olympic Committee in 2006 recognized this sport, but does not intend to include in the program, as well as checkers and bridge.

Such distrust of chess is due toprejudiced opinion that sport is first of all physical development. And everything that is connected with the intellectual is culture and art. The International Day of Chess is not only a celebration of the unity of the players, but also an action against the mistrust of the Olympic Committee.

Aspects of the action can be expressed as follows:

1. During the game, both hemispheres of the brain are involved. Abstract and logical thinking work in one direction at once.
2. Memory uses operational processes and long-term ones that trains intellectual abilities.
3. Developed logic, emotional stability, the desire for victory, the analysis of errors.

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