Homological organs and their role in the classification of animals and plants
To date, there are more than100 thousand species of animals and plants that live on our planet with us. Many of them play an important role in the biological supply chain, without which existing biogenesis is unthinkable. For the convenience of studying the plant and animal kingdom, scientists from all over the world have long ago reduced all known living organisms to a certain classification, combining them according to common biological characteristics. In determining any animal, insect or plant for a particular species, the main role is played by homologous organs, which represent the same structure of certain organs in animals and birds.
Thus, for example, the homologous organs of allbirds are wings and plumage, all animals have four limbs, plants have leaves and flowers, and so on. Thanks to this, we all share the animals, birds, plants and fish known to us for certain groups and species. It is remarkable that each species has its own similar and different traits, which are the main ones when comparing them with other living organisms.
Homological organs are the most importantspecific signs of a particular type of organism, which also allow the animal to live in a certain environment. Thus, all fishes living in fresh water bodies and lakes have a scaly surface, which acts as a protective suit that allows fish to be invisible in water, easily escape from persecution, and also protect themselves from possible attacks from other biological species. The same homologous organs in all fishes on the planet are tail and fins, due to which the fish can float in water.
The very concept of homologous organs comes fromLatin word "homos", which means "the same." That is, they are organs that have the same structure, as well as a similar location in the body of animals or plants. However, this similarity does not allow us to talk about their identical functions, since they can just be completely different. As an example, the same structure of the bone system of the forelimbs in all animals and birds can be given. However, animals use them to travel overland, and birds - for flight, although if you disassemble their internal structure, it will have very similar characteristics.
If we talk about the kingdom of plants, then theirhomologous organs are represented by petals, stamens, stem, root system and fruits. Any plant has a nitie-branched root that exists to keep the plant on the ground, and also receives food from ash, mineral and organic substances in the soil. Plate leaves of plants are used to assimilate carbon and evaporation of moisture, and a long elongated stem is needed to carry assimilating flowers and leaves to the surface for light and air for better pollination and reproduction of the plant.
Scientists have found homologous organs of plantseven in ancient times, and in the compilation of their scientific works, many philosophers exemplified the life of the kingdom of animals and plants as the basis for the harmonious existence of all biological beings on our planet. It should also be understood that in the course of their evolutionary development many plants and animals underwent a certain transformation, as a result of which some organs lost their meaning and atrophied, while others, on the contrary, developed, grew stronger and took the main role in the life of a living being. Thus, scientists were once again convinced of the correctness of simple biological truth - if any organ is not used, it gradually dies, allowing others to develop stronger and better.
Summarizing all of the above, you canto summarize that homologous organs are the most important organs of biological beings that have the same morphological significance, but they can perform completely different functions depending on the type of plant or animal species. Despite the accumulated knowledge of scientists in this matter, there is still room for further research.
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