Design, construction, installation of utilities. Engineering communications are ...

Engineering communications are of different kindsSystems that improve the quality of living in country houses and apartments. The equipment of this type is also installed in shops, offices, industrial premises, etc. Assembling all types of engineering communications requires a thoughtful design and compliance with certain technologies during installation.

Types of engineering communications

There are many types of equipment of this type. Engineering communications are, first of all:

• heating system;
• sewage;
• ventilation system;
• circuit;
• gas supply;
• system of cold and hot water supply.

Design

Construction of utilities beginswith the development of detailed schemes for connecting their main elements and selecting equipment that has the necessary performance characteristics. A network design project is prepared taking into account the layout and architecture of the building. The owners of large houses usually entrust the work of developing schemes to specialists. For a small residential building, for example, a summer house, the project can be made independently. However, when developing it, it is necessary to take into account the standards stipulated in the SNiP and adhere to the rules of fire safety.

Electrical connection

Such engineering communications are whatconnects in a country house or any other building in the first place. In small installations, a single-phase power grid is usually used. In cottages are connected three-phase. The wires extend from the nearest pole of the power line at a height no lower than 2.75 m from the ground (above the footpaths - 3.5 m). In the building itself they are planted in a tubing through a roof with a grounding. Sometimes a dummy pillar is additionally used. Through the rooms of the house wires are pulled in special fire-resistant cable channels.

Heating system and water supply

Drinking water building is provided, as a rule,by drilling a well, installing a submersible pump and laying the mains. The scheme of the heating system includes a boiler, which can be gas, solid fuel, diesel or electric, radiators, pipes. Also, when assembling utilities of this variety, the expansion tank, safety group, circulation pump and various shut-off valves are used.

WAN in a private home can be organizedsimultaneously with the heating system. In this case, a dual-circuit boiler is installed. Installation of utilities of this group is as follows:

1. On the premises of the building are the main roads.
2. Connect the radiators.
3. Establish a safety group on the supply pipe in the immediate vicinity of the boiler.
4. An expansion tank and a circulation pump are mounted on the return pipe.
5. Connect the main to the boiler.
6. Connect the return and supply pipes of the hot water supply system.
7. Check the equipment for operation.

Gas supply at home

Plates for cooking, as well as boilers and boilers,working on blue fuel, are connected to the mains only with the permission of the relevant organizations. The same applies to gasholders. To the cylinder with liquefied gas the plate can be attached without preliminary agreement. Connection to the mains and gasholder is also licensed only by licensed specialists. The cost of posting gas to the home depends largely on how far away the centralized pipeline is from it. The same goes for gasholder. However, in the latter case, the owners will have to pay for the very capacity (about 60 thousand rubles).

Sewer at home: design and installation

This type of engineering communications has recently been collected both in private houses and in cottages. The main components of the sewage system are:

• a septic tank or a cesspool;
• pipeline;
• Sanitary equipment in the house;
• wiring system.

The septic tank is installed in the excavation excavated ona distance of at least 5 m from the house. The engineering communications of this variety are designed taking into account the fact that the pipes from the riser to the cesspool should be built with a slope of 2-3 cm per 1 p / m in a trench below the ground freezing. The gasket is guided so that along the entire length of the main there are no knees at an acute angle.

As a riser in private homes, usuallyA pipe with a diameter of 110 mm is used. The toilet is located in the immediate vicinity of it. The further it is installed, the greater the likelihood of clogging. Bathroom and washbasins are connected to the riser, usually through a sun lounger. All the pipes stretched around the house are closed with special decorative plastic boxes.

Ventilation system

Such engineering communications of the building in the lasttime is becoming more popular. Since even small country houses today use hermetic plastic windows and modern doors, the installation of a ventilation system is in most cases an urgent necessity. More often in country houses installed supply and exhaust equipment of this type. It is mounted like this:

• In the attic or in the basement there is a supply and exhaust system. Most often it is supplemented by a recuperator, which saves on heating.
• Ducts are diverted through the rooms. Holes in the walls are covered with decorative bars. On the street, the supply pipe is put into the branch pipe through the wall. The tap is usually displayed on the roof.

Sometimes modern ventilation systems are supplemented with various kinds of equipment that increase the comfort of living in the house. This can be, for example, built-in air conditioners or air humidifiers.

Engineering communications - is, therefore,the most important systems, a comfortable life without which it is simply impossible in a country house. The design and installation of such equipment is a very important matter. You can not make any mistakes during these operations. This can have a negative impact not only on convenience, but also on the security of living in the house. In small country houses installation of the basic communications can be carried out and the hands. Owners of large cottages are better off still entrust this work to specialists.

</ p>>