The State Duma of the Russian Federation: powers and functions. The State Duma of the Russian Federation is ...
Democratic countries are built on the balance of threebranches of power: legislative, executive and judicial. In this article, attention will be paid to the first of them, and now we will consider what the State Duma of the Russian Federation and its functions are.
general information
So, to start the full name -State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. This is the legislative body. His work is regulated by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws. According to them, this authority can take decisions:
- About the approval of the draft law.
- On the consent of the President of the Russian Federation to the selection and appointment of the Chairman of the Government.
- On appointment to the post or on the release of the Chairman of the Accounts Chamber and half of its auditors, the Central Bank and the Commissioner for Human Rights.
- On (no) confidence in the Government of the Russian Federation.
- On the announcement of an amnesty.
- To raise charges against the President of the Russian Federation.
- Regarding the parliamentary request.
- About the sending of State Duma representatives to the Constitutional Court.
And that is not all. Only her main powers were listed. But due to the fact that the State Duma is a legislative body that is the central representative of the legislative power, that is, it must work through all aspects of interaction, it should be noted that there are quite a large number of institutions that help them in this matter.
Specificity of filing and reviewing laws
But if we talk directly about the basicfunctions of the State Duma, it is the development and acceptance of the legislative framework on which the country lives. Who can make them? Draft resolutions can be sent from deputies, the Federation Council (or its individual members), the president of the Russian Federation, commissions and committees of the State Duma, Supreme and Supreme Arbitration Courts. All submitted and considered by the State Duma. At the same time different documents have different ways of receiving and processing them. It should be noted that ordinary citizens can not directly file laws for consideration in the State Duma. Almost everyone can take part in the construction of the country. In this case, you can use the services of an intermediary. As such, a territorially fixed deputy acts most often, to which people turn and offer their work. Although if the problem is thematic, then you can refer to the appropriate committee.
On Procedural Aspects
If we talk about draft resolutions, then theyshall together with the text of the request, appeal or application be submitted to the Council of the State Duma with a minimum margin of three days. That is, if the document comes on Monday, before Thursday it will not be considered. This is necessary so that all deputies can get acquainted with its contents. Although we can not fail to note a large number of different nuances that exist in connection with the existence of the principle of separation of power. In this vein, we can not fail to mention the process of considering and deciding on candidates for the post of Prime Minister. A person proposes a person, and the State Duma makes a decision fulfilling its functions. The State Duma of the Russian Federation, however, can reject proposals quite a limited number of times. So, if they did not agree on the candidacy, then the president himself can appoint the chairman of the government, dissolve the State Duma and appoint new elections.
How does the State Duma work?
The functions and powers of the legislature aswe see, from such a position are rather limited. But is it really so? It should also be noted that the legislature can influence the executive, and very significantly. Thus, the State Duma can express distrust to the Government. To do this, it is necessary that at least one-fifth of the deputies make a corresponding proposal. After that, there are discussions, within which questions are asked and answers are sought. All this happens when the Chairman of the Government is involved. If all procedural steps are completed, the decision may be taken by secret ballot or by open ballot. In order for it to be successfully adopted, it is necessary to collect a majority of votes. In case of a positive decision, it is transferred to the president. He can dissolve the government or disagree with the decision of the State Duma. In the second case, if it repeats this procedure in less than three months, the president will have a small choice - to resign either the executive branch or the legislative one.
Is the guarantor of the Constitution viable?
It may seem that the president has too manyauthority. But he also has limitations. So, for example, he can not personally send the government to resign. It's just not his function. The State Duma of the Russian Federation may consider his proposal and support the guarantor or refuse him. At the same time, if we talk about responsibility, it should be noted that the Government is accountable to the State Duma. This system may seem rather confusing. But this approach is used in many countries to exclude the arrival of authoritarian or totalitarian elements to power. We should not forget that the State Duma can contribute to the removal of the president from power.
About the activities in the field of finance
Speaking about functions, the State DumaThe Russian Federation is also important because it influences what kind of people the Central Bank will manage. It's no secret that this structure has many levers of influence on the existing financial situation. So, the State Duma depends on who will be the chairman and what people will join the board of directors. They also report to the main legislative body once a year. It should also be noted that hearings on the results of the activity are additionally held. All the information received is subsequently sent to the president and the government. It should be noted that due to the independence of the Central Bank, the appointment and dismissal of them is carried out according to a complicated procedure. So what are the functions of the State Duma? The State Duma is engaged in appointments to posts and controls the quality of work. If she believes that people can not perform their duties in full, then they are removed from their performance.
Election Monitoring
How diverse are the functions! The State Duma is responsible for a large number of aspects of public life, and one of the most important is elections. And it not only adopts legislation on which they will pass, but also participates in the formation of the Central Election Commission. So, five of its members from fifteen are appointed by the State Duma. Another 5 are determined by the Federation Council and the president. Such a distribution mechanism was chosen with the aim of ensuring monitoring of the situation by various branches of power and preventing fraud on the part of "politicians" that are not clean at hand.
The removal of the president from power
This procedure is detailed in chapter 22Regulations of the State Duma. The removal of the president from power can be started if the corresponding initiative has been received by no less than a third of the deputies of the State Duma. In this case, it is necessary to make an indication of the specific crimes that are imputed to him. All material is sent to a special commission, which ensures that all points of the procedure are observed. She verifies the validity of the charge, which was put forward. In addition, the commission should ensure that the quorum is observed and a correct count of votes is carried out. If there are no complaints, then you need to make sure that the requirements of other procedural rules were met. All reports on known facts of the crime (s) are heard at the commission meetings and all relevant documents are examined. Also she is obliged to listen to the representative of the President of the Russian Federation and make a conclusion. After that, the raised issue is considered at a meeting of the State Duma. This is accompanied by discussions, which (for successful promotion) should recruit two-thirds of the votes of deputies. Voting must be secret. It goes through filling out the ballots. After making a positive decision, it goes to the Federation Council, as well as to the Supreme and Constitutional Courts within five days. If two-thirds of the votes could not be collected, a decision to refuse is issued.
Conclusion
As you can see, the State Duma canboasting a fairly large field of activity. But still, its most important task is to ensure the legislative process in the country. It must prepare and adopt regulations, regulations and other documentation that will improve the state apparatus and facilitate people's lives. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account requests from different strata of citizens. After all, it was for the representation of the entire society of the Russian Federation that the State Duma was created. And although ordinary citizens can not directly participate in the legislative process, one should not give up the opportunity to at least indirectly influence the future of their country.
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